Wednesday, November 25, 2015

A REVIEW OF ANN DAVIS "MORAL DILEMA"



ELUSIYAN FRANCIS T

INTRODUCTION
Uncertainty has been expressed by philosophers about the question of whether there is a genuine moral dilemma and basically this is what the exposition of DavisAnn deals with. The question of whether there is a genuine moral dilemma and if there is, what does it mean? This is an argument between the philosophers and morally engaged layperson. But philosophers according to AnnDavis who question the existence of genuine moral dilemma do not usually concern themselves with trying to disrepute the testimony of actual agents in the real world. Rather, what they are trying to do is challenge the supposition that appeals to peoples experiences (and report about their experiences) could ever be thought to provide sufficient ground for supposing that something constitutes a genuine moral dilemma. According to Ann the philosophical concern about the possibility of genuine moral dilemma which they said may lead to uselessness, incoherent and inconsistence of morality may probably be true, by the way, for the purpose of evaluating and revising our moral theories, but she opine that philosophers have been unable to deal with this issues that the agents face in moral dilemmas.
 A GENERAL OUTLOOK OF GENUINE MORAL DILEMA
For a particular state of affairs to be called a moral dilemma, the agent is faced with the issues of moral significance. The term dilemma means difficult to solve. It is therefore a datum, that choice which itself has solution is faced with the challenge of choosing between two mutually exclusive, equally attractive options, this limitation of choosing between the two is not as a result of the agent’s inability to reason, his psychological state and his weakness, though these are separate issues that cannot be overlooked. From the preceding, Ann presents to us that the limitations of the agent to choose between two enthralling but attractive options does not emerge as a result of the agent’s initial moral misconduct or prior experiences that fail to recognize the rules and features of morality, rather, the inescapability of this difficulty or predicament seems inherent human beings and as well it shows the definitive or connotation of genuine moral dilemma.


METAPHYSICAL AND LOGICAL APPROACH TO THE PROSPECT OF GENUINE MORAL DILEMMAS
Though most philosophers have been concerned with the truth or falsehood of the logical and metaphysical claims about whether genuine moral dilemmas are possible, it may be worth considering the plausibility of a more modest claim, the claim that there are in fact few, if any moral dilemmas. This time around the philosophers embark on adopting a method called STRATEGY OF RETROSOECTIVE ASSESSMENT. This particular strategy involves the attempt to tender a disinterested, after the fact assessment of the agent’s options and their values seem to have a lot to commend it. The content of knowing the possibility of genuine moral dilemmas cannot be known prior to or independently of experience, in other words, cannot be proven by the nature of the agent’s moral experience. It is further expressed that the adoption of strategy of retrospective assessment enables the philosophers to alarm on the importance of being sensitive to the differences and complexities of the actual circumstances surrounding the emergence of a genuine moral dilemma.
It is by this strategy that they are capable of explaining the reason behind the agent’s belief that these circumstances make up a genuine moral dilemma, and as well point out the reason why the agent’s impressions were mistaken. It is equally expressed that the strategy of retrospective assessment draws some of their plausibility from our recognition of the superior epistemic value of after the fact analyses. This directly implies that the retrospection on an agent’s difficulty or unpleasant situation can be done in series of respect that are superior to the actual condition of the agent’s when deliberating or taking an action. This approach is more clearer and well informed than that of the agent’s, this is strictly because the other person’s retrospection is free from confusing state of mind.
It has come to a greater awareness that the method of retrospective assessment is familiar and intuitively plausible. This has enhances a greater comprehensive nature of human phenomena or simply put, the difficulty in the science of human nature that moral dilemmas seizure.
This same method also uncovers the fact that the mistakes of human are as a result of not being able to see beyond themselves, and this proposed the retention of ignorance and low epistemic values.
To Ann Davis, a mature reflective agent who cultivates a retrospective habit sees his past and that of others, therefore holding to that fact that his problem which seemed unsolved was as a matter of time and as well such problem is a finite one for that matter. Therefore, with the adoption of retrospective assessment method, we stand to voice out at the face of moral matters, most especially, the experience of dilemmas which seem insoluble with great consequence does not provide grounds for supposing that there are indeed genuine moral dilemmas.
 APPLICATION
Davis presents more affirmative answer to the question of whether there is possibility of genuine moral dilemmas, by taking into consideration the experiences of morally serious adults or mature human beings. What she tend to explain is that a logical implication and moral cannot dig out the reality behind the agent’s moral situations, rather a closer look into the agent’s situation and experience help to fish out the agent’s predicament.
Ann Davis preferred to end this write up by stating the fact that looking at some experiences of some morally serious adults; we seem to find some grounds for an affirmative. As well there could be a resemblance of genuine moral dilemmas, when a keen look and special considering or attention is paid on the agent’s particular circumstances, deliberations and on the phenomenology of moral difficult choices. Therefore, Ann Davis says “Yes I believe it is true that if we appeal to the moral experience of mature human beings, and to what might be called moral common sense, we will be inclined to conclude that there are genuine moral dilemmas.
Davis thereby back up her claim by considering the menace of September 11, 2011 at the world trade center, of which two good friends called Bob and Ted are victims of this. Unfortunately, these two good friends were in the twenty eight floor of the WTC when the first hijacked plane struck the office located closely to the tower. Over thousands of people were running for survive through an exit, in this plethora of situation for the survival of life. Unfortunately Ted is a fat man who was under medical care and attached on him are the heavy medical equipment and to get him out would require the hands of about six able persons apart from his good friend Bob. In this critical situation, what would Bob have to do? Knowing fully well that his survival is important those who liked him and as well his family members, thereby leaving him would be a betrayer of true friendship, and a well staying to struggle for the life of Ted could also cause him his life and as well the life of that Ted. Summarily, Bob chose to remain with Ted. This decision shows the kind of person Bob was, but the significance of Bob’s decision describes the situation as a genuine moral dilemma, which showcase a link of his moral identity. This is a very serious issue in which neither of the choices was truly identifiable as the better or morally preferable.
EVALUATION/CONCLUSION

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